Matasano Advisory: MacOS X Mach Exception Server Privilege Escalation

                  Matasano Security Advisory
      MacOS X Mach Exception Server Privilege Escalation

 Release Date:    Fri Sep 29 2006
 Affects:             MacOS X 10.4 < 10.4.8, 10.3.*, OpenStep 4.2
 Severity:            High - Local root privilege escalation
 Credit:               Dino Dai Zovi <ddz _at_ matasano.com>
 Vendor Status:  MacOS X 10.4.8 fixes vulnerability
 Workarounds:   None

I. Synopsis

MacOS X uses Mach exception ports to support the CrashReporter
"Application Quit Unexpectedly" dialog, Problem Report dialog, process
debugging, and crash dumps logs.

On vulnerable operating systems, attackers can exploit the inheritance
of Mach exception ports to inject code into SUID processes, allowing
nonprivileged users to assume root privileges.

II. Description

A number of Mach-based Unix operating systems (including MacOS X and
OpenStep) allow SUID executables to inherit the parent processes'
exception ports. When an exception notification is received, the
parent calls the kernel exception server exc_server() to process the
exception and call any of a set of defined callback functions. The
catch_exception_raise() callback is given Mach port send rights to
the Mach thread that generated the exception and the task containing
the thread. These rights allow the parent to modify the thread's
context and the task's address space. A parent process may exploit
this by allocating memory in the child task's address space, copying
in executable code, and causing a thread in the task to execute the
injected code.

Exploiting this vulnerability requires a SUID root executable that can
forced to generate an exception. A number of common setuid root
binaries like /usr/bin/at or /usr/bin/rlogin crash when executed with
a NULL argv pointer, and this suffices to enable exploitation of this
vulnerability.

III. Target

This vulnerability has been exploited on MacOS X 10.4 and 10.3 and
verified to exist on OpenStep 4.2. It is assumed that releases of
MacOS X prior to 10.3 are also vulnerable, as well as earlier releases
of OpenStep and NeXTSTEP.

IV. Impact

Unprivileged attackers with local access can obtain root credentials.

V. Vendor Response

Apple has resolved this vulnerability as of MacOS X 10.4.8.

VI. Workarounds

As this vulnerability exists in the operating system kernel, there are
no known workarounds.

VII. Origin

Dino Dai Zovi, Matasano Security
ddz at matasano.com
http://www.matasano.com
http://www.matasano.com/log

For the more information and updates on this advisory, see the
expanded version on our blog:

http://www.matasano.com/log/530/matasano-advisory-macos-x-mach-
exception-server-privilege-escalation/

or contact:

advisories at matasano.com