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HistoryOct 13, 2009 - 12:00 a.m.

Microsoft Security Bulletin MS09-051 - Critical Vulnerabilities in Windows Media Runtime Could Allow Remote Code Execution (975682)

2009-10-1300:00:00
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Microsoft Security Bulletin MS09-051 - Critical
Vulnerabilities in Windows Media Runtime Could Allow Remote Code Execution (975682)
Published: October 13, 2009

Version: 1.0
General Information
Executive Summary

This security update resolves two privately reported vulnerabilities in Windows Media Runtime. The vulnerabilities could allow remote code execution if a user opened a specially crafted media file or received specially crafted streaming content from a Web site or any application that delivers Web content. An attacker who successfully exploited these vulnerabilities could gain the same user rights as the local user. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights.

This security update is rated Critical for DirectShow WMA Voice Codec, Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder, and Audio Compression Manager on supported editions of Microsoft Windows 2000; Windows XP; Windows Server 2003, except for Itanium-based editions; Windows Vista; and Windows Server 2008, except for Itanium-based editions. For more information, see the subsection, Affected and Non-Affected Software, in this section.

The security update addresses the vulnerabilities by changing the manner in which the Windows Media Runtime processes ASF files and initializes functions in compressed audio files. For more information about the vulnerabilities, see the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) subsection for the specific vulnerability entry under the next section, Vulnerability Information.

Recommendation. The majority of customers have automatic updating enabled and will not need to take any action because this security update will be downloaded and installed automatically. Customers who have not enabled automatic updating need to check for updates and install this update manually. For information about specific configuration options in automatic updating, see Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 294871.

For administrators and enterprise installations, or end users who want to install this security update manually, Microsoft recommends that customers apply the update immediately using update management software, or by checking for updates using the Microsoft Update service.

See also the section, Detection and Deployment Tools and Guidance, later in this bulletin.

Known Issues. None
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Affected and Non-Affected Software

The following software have been tested to determine which versions or editions are affected. Other versions or editions are either past their support life cycle or are not affected. To determine the support life cycle for your software version or edition, visit Microsoft Support Lifecycle.

Affected Software
Operating System Component Maximum Security Impact Aggregate Severity Rating Bulletins Replaced by this Update

Microsoft Windows 2000 Service Pack 4

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec
(KB969878)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Audio Compression Manager
(KB975025)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows XP Service Pack 2

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec
(KB969878)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Audio Compression Manager
(KB975025)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows XP Service Pack 3

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec
(KB969878)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Audio Compression Manager
(KB975025)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Service Pack 2

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec
(KB969878)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder in Windows Media Format SDK 9.5 x64 Edition
(KB954155)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder in Windows Media Format SDK 11
(KB954155)

Audio Compression Manager
(KB975025)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec
(KB969878)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Audio Compression Manager
(KB975025)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition Service Pack 2

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec
(KB969878)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder in Windows Media Format SDK 9.5 x64 Edition
(KB954155)

Audio Compression Manager
(KB975025)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows Vista, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Vista Service Pack 2

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows Vista x64 Edition, Windows Vista x64 Edition Service Pack 1, and Windows Vista x64 Edition Service Pack 2

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems and Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2*

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems and Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2*

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder
(KB954155)

Remote Code Execution

Critical

None

*Windows Server 2008 Server Core installation not affected. The vulnerability addressed by this update does not affect supported editions of Windows Server 2008 if Windows Server 2008 was installed using the Server Core installation option. For more information on this installation option, see Server Core. Note that the Server Core installation option does not apply to certain editions of Windows Server 2008; see Compare Server Core Installation Options.

Non-Affected Software
Operating System

Windows Server 2003 with SP2 for Itanium-based Systems

Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems and Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems Service Pack 2

Windows 7 for 32-bit Systems

Windows 7 for x64-based Systems

Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems

Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-based Systems
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Related to This Security Update

Where are the file information details?
Refer to the reference tables in the Security Update Deployment section for the location of the file information details.

How does this bulletin relate to MS09-052, Vulnerability in Windows Media Player Could Allow Remote Code Execution?
This bulletin is not related to MS09-052, Vulnerability in Windows Media Player Could Allow Remote Code Execution. Users should install both updates to ensure they are fully protected.

I have Windows Media Player installed on my system. Why am I not being offered this update?
Systems will only be offered this update automatically if they have installed Windows Media Player as well as the optional audio codecs affected by these vulnerabilities. These codecs are not installed by default, but may be downloaded automatically through Windows Media Player or manually from the Microsoft Download Center. If you do not have the codecs installed and attempt to manually install the update, you may receive one of the following error messages:

Windows Media Player 9 is required to install this update.

Windows Media Format 9.5 SDK must be on your machine before this update can be installed.

If you receive this message, this update does not apply to your system. These messages will only occur if you attempt to manually install the update.

Why does this update address several reported security vulnerabilities?
This update contains support for several vulnerabilities because the modifications that are required to address these issues are located in related files. Instead of having to install several updates that are almost the same, customers need to install this update only.

What is the Windows Media Format Software Developers Kit (SDK)?
The Windows Media Format SDK provides application developers with access to the components of the Windows Media Format. The primary purpose of the Windows Media Format SDK is to enable developers to create applications that play, write, edit, encrypt, and deliver Advanced Systems Format (ASF) files and network streams. These files and streams commonly contain audio and video content encoded using the Windows Media Audio and Video codecs. However, ASF can contain any type of data. For more information, see the Windows Media Format SDK Technology Page.

I am using an older release of the software discussed in this security bulletin. What should I do?
The affected software listed in this bulletin have been tested to determine which releases are affected. Other releases are past their support life cycle. To determine the support life cycle for your software release, visit Microsoft Support Lifecycle.

It should be a priority for customers who have older releases of the software to migrate to supported releases to prevent potential exposure to vulnerabilities. For more information about the Windows Product Lifecycle, visit Microsoft Support Lifecycle. For more information about the extended security update support period for these software versions or editions, visit Microsoft Product Support Services.

Customers who require custom support for older releases must contact their Microsoft account team representative, their Technical Account Manager, or the appropriate Microsoft partner representative for custom support options. Customers without an Alliance, Premier, or Authorized Contract can contact their local Microsoft sales office. For contact information, visit Microsoft Worldwide Information, select the country, and then click Go to see a list of telephone numbers. When you call, ask to speak with the local Premier Support sales manager. For more information, see the Windows Operating System Product Support Lifecycle FAQ.
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Vulnerability Information

Severity Ratings and Vulnerability Identifiers

The following severity ratings assume the potential maximum impact of the vulnerability. For information regarding the likelihood, within 30 days of this security bulletin's release, of the exploitability of the vulnerability in relation to its severity rating and security impact, please see the Exploitability Index in the October bulletin summary. For more information, see Microsoft Exploitability Index.
Vulnerability Severity Rating and Maximum Security Impact by Affected Software
Affected Software Windows Media Runtime Voice Sample Rate Vulnerability - CVE-2009-0555 Windows Media Runtime Heap Corruption Vulnerability - CVE-2009-2525 Aggregate Severity Rating

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec, Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder, and Audio Compression Manager on Microsoft Windows 2000 Service Pack 4

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec, Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder, and Audio Compression Manager on Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows XP Service Pack 3

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec, Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder, and Audio Compression Manager on Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Service Pack 2

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec, Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder, and Audio Compression Manager on Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

DirectShow WMA Voice Codec, Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder, and Audio Compression Manager on Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition Service Pack 2

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder on Windows Vista, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Vista Service Pack 2

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder on Windows Vista x64 Edition, Windows Vista x64 Edition Service Pack 1, and Windows Vista x64 Edition Service Pack 2

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder on Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems and Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2*

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder on Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems and Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2*

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical
Remote Code Execution

Critical

*Windows Server 2008 Server Core installation not affected. The vulnerability addressed by this update does not affect supported editions of Windows Server 2008 if Windows Server 2008 was installed using the Server Core installation option. For more information on this installation option, see Server Core. Note that the Server Core installation option does not apply to certain editions of Windows Server 2008; see Compare Server Core Installation Options.
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Windows Media Runtime Voice Sample Rate Vulnerability - CVE-2009-0555

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Windows Media Player due to the improper processing of specially crafted Advanced Systems Format (ASF) files. An attacker could exploit the vulnerability by constructing a specially crafted audio file that could allow remote code execution when played using an affected version of Windows Media Player. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could take complete control of an affected system.

To view this vulnerability as a standard entry in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures list, see CVE-2009-0555.

Mitigating Factors for Windows Media Runtime Voice Sample Rate Vulnerability - CVE-2009-0555

Mitigation refers to a setting, common configuration, or general best-practice, existing in a default state, that could reduce the severity of exploitation of a vulnerability. The following mitigating factors may be helpful in your situation:

In a Web-based attack scenario, an attacker could host a Web site that contains a Web page that is used to exploit this vulnerability. In addition, compromised Web sites and Web sites that accept or host user-provided content or advertisements could contain specially crafted content that could exploit this vulnerability. In all cases, however, an attacker would have no way to force users to visit these Web sites. Instead, an attacker would have to persuade users to visit the Web site, typically by getting them to click a link in an e-mail message or Instant Messenger message that takes users to the attacker's Web site.

An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could gain the same user rights as the local user. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less affected than users who operate with administrative user rights.

Windows Server 2008 is not affected unless the optional Desktop Experience component is also installed.
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Workarounds for Windows Media Runtime Voice Sample Rate Vulnerability - CVE-2009-0555

Workaround refers to a setting or configuration change that does not correct the underlying vulnerability but would help block known attack vectors before you apply the update. Microsoft has tested the following workarounds and states in the discussion whether a workaround reduces functionality:

Unregister wmspdmod.dll

To unregister this DLL, run the following command from an elevated command prompt.

For 32-bit Windows systems:

Regsvr32.exe –u %WINDIR%\system32\wmspdmod.dll

For x64-based Windows systems:

Regsvr32.exe –u %WINDIR%\syswow64\wmspdmod.dll

Impact of workaround. Audio streams in ASF files that use the Windows Media Speech Code will fail to play.

How to undo the workaround.

Run the following command from an elevated command prompt.

For 32-bit Windows systems:

Regsvr32.exe %WINDIR%\system32\wmspdmod.dll

For x64-based Windows systems:

Regsvr32.exe %WINDIR%\syswow64\wmspdmod.dll

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FAQ for Windows Media Runtime Voice Sample Rate Vulnerability - CVE-2009-0555

What is the scope of the vulnerability?
This is a remote code execution vulnerability. If a user is logged on with administrative user rights, an attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could take complete control of an affected system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights.

What causes the vulnerability?
The Windows Media Runtime incorrectly processes specially crafted ASF files that make use of the Window Media Speech codec.

What is Windows Media Format Runtime?
The Microsoft Windows Media Format Runtime provides information and tools for applications that use Windows Media content.

What is Advanced Systems Format (ASF)?
ASF (Advanced Systems Format) is a file format that stores audio and video information and is specially designed to run over networks like the Internet. It is a compressed format that can contain streaming audio, video, slide shows, and synchronized events. ASF enables content to be delivered to you as a continuous flow of data. ASF files may have the file extension ASF, WMV, or WMA.

ASF refers to the underlying format of the audio file. ASF files can have many different file extensions with the most common being WMA and WMV. ASF files may also be delivered with other file extensions, such as MP3, which do not reflect the true file format. Windows Media Player will analyze the actual file format and still attempt to play the file.

What is Windows Media Audio Voice Decoder?
The Windows Media Audio Voice decoder decodes streams that were encoded by the Windows Media Audio Encoder. The Windows Media Audio Voice codec provides low bit-rate compression optimized for audio containing speech. The ability of the codec to produce such small samples is due to the limited frequency range of the sounds of the human voice. This optimization means that a dedicated voice encoder creates poor-quality output for content that contains more complicated sounds, like music. However, the Windows Media Audio Voice codec compensates for this potential quality issue by providing separate modes for voice, music, and mixed content. The codec analyzes mixed content to determine which mode to use for each portion of the file. For more information about the Windows Media Audio Decoder, see the MSDN article, Using the Windows Media Audio Voice Codec.

What might an attacker use the vulnerability to do?
An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.

How could an attacker exploit the vulnerability?
This vulnerability requires that a user open a specially crafted ASF file with an affected version of Windows Media Player.

In a Web-based attack scenario, an attacker would have to host a specially crafted ASF file that is used to attempt to exploit this vulnerability. An attacker would have no way to force users to visit a specially crafted Web site. Instead, an attacker would have to convince them to visit the Web site, typically by getting them to click a link in an e-mail message or Instant Messenger message that takes them to the attacker's site.

In an e-mail attack scenario, an attacker could exploit the vulnerability by sending a media file with a specially crafted ASF file embedded in it to the user and by convincing the user to open the file.

What systems are primarily at risk from the vulnerability?
Any system using Windows Media Runtime, such as workstations or terminal servers, is at risk from this vulnerability.

What does the update do?
The update addresses this vulnerability by changing the manner in which the Windows Media Runtime processes ASF files.

When this security bulletin was issued, had this vulnerability been publicly disclosed?
Yes. This vulnerability has been publicly disclosed. It has been assigned Common Vulnerability and Exposure number CVE-2009-0555.

When this security bulletin was issued, had Microsoft received any reports that this vulnerability was being exploited?
No. Microsoft had not received any information to indicate that this vulnerability had been publicly used to attack customers and had not seen any examples of proof of concept code published when this security bulletin was originally issued.
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Windows Media Runtime Heap Corruption Vulnerability - CVE-2009-2525

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that Microsoft Windows Media Runtime handles certain functions in compressed audio files. This vulnerability could allow remote code execution if a user opened a specially crafted file. If a user is logged on with administrative user rights, an attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could take complete control of an affected system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights.

To view this vulnerability as a standard entry in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures list, see CVE-2009-2525.

Mitigating Factors for Windows Media Runtime Heap Corruption Vulnerability - CVE-2009-2525

Mitigation refers to a setting, common configuration, or general best-practice, existing in a default state, that could reduce the severity of exploitation of a vulnerability. The following mitigating factors may be helpful in your situation:

In a Web-based attack scenario, an attacker could host a Web site that contains a Web page that is used to exploit this vulnerability. In addition, compromised Web sites and Web sites that accept or host user-provided content or advertisements could contain specially crafted content that could exploit this vulnerability. In all cases, however, an attacker would have no way to force users to visit these Web sites. Instead, an attacker would have to persuade users to visit the Web site, typically by getting them to click a link in an e-mail message or Instant Messenger message that takes users to the attacker's Web site.

An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could gain the same user rights as the local user. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less affected than users who operate with administrative user rights.

Windows Server 2008 is not affected unless the optional Desktop Experience component is also installed.
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Workarounds for Windows Media Runtime Heap Corruption Vulnerability - CVE-2009-2525

Deny access to msaud32.acm

On Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 systems:

For 32-bit Windows systems:

Echo y| cacls %WINDIR%\system32\msaud32.acm /E /P everyone:N

For 64-bit Windows systems:

Echo y| cacls %WINDIR%\syswow64\msaud32.acm /E /P everyone:N

On Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008:

Run the following commands from a command prompt as an administrator:

For 32-bit Windows:

Takeown.exe /f "%windir%\system32\msaud32.acm"
Icacls.exe "%windir%\system32\msaud32.acm " /save %TEMP%\msaud32_acm.TXT
Icacls.exe "%windir%\system32\msaud32.acm " /deny everyone:(F)

For 64-bit Windows systems:

Takeown.exe /f "%windir%\syswow64\msaud32.acm"
Icacls.exe "%windir%\syswow64\msaud32.acm " /save %TEMP%\ msaud32_acm.TXT
Icacls.exe "%windir%\syswow64\msaud32.acm " /deny everyone:(F)

Impact of workaround: Applications that rely on the Audio Compression Manager (ACM) will fail to render content properly

How to undo the workaround:

On Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 systems:

For 32-bit Windows systems:

cacls “%WINDIR%\system32\msaud32.acm” /E /R everyone

For 64-bit Windows systems:

cacls “%WINDIR%\syswow64\msaud32.acm” /E /R everyone

On Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008:

Run the following commands from a command prompt as an administrator:

For 32-bit Windows:

icacls %windir%\syswow64 /restore %TEMP%\msaud32_acm.TXT

For 64-bit Windows systems:

icacls %windir%\syswow64 /restore %TEMP%\msaud32_acm.TXT

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FAQ for Windows Media Runtime Heap Corruption Vulnerability - CVE-2009-2525

What is the scope of the vulnerability?
This is a remote code execution vulnerability. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could take complete control of an affected system remotely. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.

What causes the vulnerability?
The Microsoft Windows Media Runtime does not properly initialize certain functions in compressed audio files.

What is Windows Media Format Runtime?
The Microsoft Windows Media Format Runtime provides information and tools for applications that use Windows Media content.

What is the Audio Compression Manager?
The Audio Compression Manager (ACM) adds system-level support for transparent run-time audio compression and decompression and Waveform audio data processing. The ACM uses existing driver interface hooks to override the default mapping algorithm for waveform audio devices. This allows the ACM to intercept device-open calls. After a call has been intercepted, the ACM can perform a variety of tasks to process the audio data, such as inserting an external compressor or decompressor into the sequence. For more information about the ACM, see MSDN article, About the Audio Compression Manager.

What might an attacker use the vulnerability to do?
If a user is logged on with administrative user rights, an attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could take complete control of an affected system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights.

How could an attacker exploit the vulnerability?
Exploitation of this vulnerability requires that a user open a specially crafted media file or receive specially crafted streaming content from a Web site or any application that delivers Web content.

What systems are primarily at risk from the vulnerability?
Any system using Windows Media Player, such as workstations or terminal servers, is at risk from this vulnerability.

What does the update do?
The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting the manner in which Windows Media Runtime initializes function in compressed audio files.

When this security bulletin was issued, had this vulnerability been publicly disclosed?
No. Microsoft received information about this vulnerability through responsible disclosure.

When this security bulletin was issued, had Microsoft received any reports that this vulnerability was being exploited?
No. Microsoft had not received any information to indicate that this vulnerability had been publicly used to attack customers and had not seen any examples of proof of concept code published when this security bulletin was originally issued.

Other Information
Acknowledgments

Microsoft thanks the following for working with us to help protect customers:

Ivan Fratric of Zero Day Initiative and Jun Xie of McAfee Avert Labs for reporting the Windows Media Runtime Voice Sample Rate Vulnerability (CVE-2009-0555)

Vinay Anantharaman of Adobe Systems, Inc. for reporting the Windows Media Runtime Heap Corruption Vulnerability (CVE-2009-2525)
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Microsoft Active Protections Program (MAPP)

To improve security protections for customers, Microsoft provides vulnerability information to major security software providers in advance of each monthly security update release. Security software providers can then use this vulnerability information to provide updated protections to customers via their security software or devices, such as antivirus, network-based intrusion detection systems, or host-based intrusion prevention systems. To determine whether active protections are available from security software providers, please visit the active protections Web sites provided by program partners, listed in Microsoft Active Protections Program (MAPP) Partners.

Support

Customers in the U.S. and Canada can receive technical support from Security Support or 1-866-PCSAFETY. There is no charge for support calls that are associated with security updates. For more information about available support options, see Microsoft Help and Support.

International customers can receive support from their local Microsoft subsidiaries. There is no charge for support that is associated with security updates. For more information about how to contact Microsoft for support issues, visit the International Support Web site.
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Disclaimer

The information provided in the Microsoft Knowledge Base is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.
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Revisions

V1.0 (October 13, 2009): Bulletin published.