[SYSS-2015-010] Kaspersky Anti-Virus - Use of One-Way Hash withouth a Salt

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Advisory ID: SYSS-2015-010
Product: Kaspersky Anti-Virus
Vendor: Kaspersky Lab ZAO
Affected Version(s): 15.0.1.415
Tested Version(s): 15.0.1.415
Vulnerability Type: Use of a One-Way Hash without a Salt (CWE-759)
Risk Level: Low
Solution Status: Fixed
Vendor Notification: 2015-02-19
Solution Date: 2015-10-01
Public Disclosure: 2015-10-01
CVE Reference: Not yet assigned
Authors of Advisory: Matthias Deeg and Sven Freund (SySS GmbH)

Overview:

Kaspersky Anti-Virus is an endpoint protection software with many
features defending users against different threats.

The vendor Kaspersky describes the product as follows (see [1]):

"Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2015 is your PC's first line of defense against
today's complex malware threats. From the moment it's installed, you
benefit from essential, real-time protection against the latest malware
attacks - without affecting your PC's performance."

Vulnerability Details:

The SySS GmbH found out that the administrator password for protecting
different functions of the Kaspersky Anti-Virus software, like managing
backups or stopping protection services, is stored as raw, unsalted MD5
hash value in the Windows registry.

The used registry value

"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\KasperskyLab\AVP15.0.1\settings\OPEP"

is by default readable by every user.

The use of the cryptographic one-way hash function MD5 without using a
salt for storing sensitive data like admin passwords allows an attacker
with access to this data to perform efficient password guessing attacks
using pre-computed dictionaries, for instance rainbow tables.

Proof of Concept (PoC):

The configured admin password is stored as raw, unsalted MD5 hash value
of the UTF-16 (wide char) string representation of the set password.

For instance, it can be read using the following command:

C:\Users\SySS>reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\KasperskyLab\AVP15.0.1\settings /v OPEP

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\KasperskyLab\AVP15.0.1\settings
    OPEP    REG_SZ    CFB37E7C04BEA837D23005199B1CD62B


The read string in this example is a raw, unsalted MD5 hash value of the
UTF-16 string "syss", as the following output illustrates:

$ echo -en "s\x00y\x00s\x00s\x00" | md5sum
cfb37e7c04bea837d23005199b1cd62b  -

Solution:

According to information by Kaspersky, the described security issue has
been fixed in newer software releases.

Please contact the manufacturer for further information or support.

Disclosure Timeline:

2015-02-19: Vulnerability reported to vendor
2015-02-20: Vendor acknowledges e-mail with SySS security advisory          
2015-03-17: Rescheduling of the publication date in agreement with the
            manufacturer
2015-04-14: Rescheduling of the publication date in agreement with the
            manufacturer
2015-09-28: SySS asks for further information about software fix
2015-10-01: Public release of security advisory on agreed publication
            date

References:

[1] Product Web site for Kaspersky Anti-Virus
http://www.kaspersky.com/anti-virus
[2] SySS Security Advisory SYSS-2015-010
https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2015-010.txt
[3] SySS Responsible Disclosure Policy
https://www.syss.de/en/news/responsible-disclosure-policy/

Credits:

This security vulnerability was found by Matthias Deeg and Sven Freund
of the SySS GmbH.

E-Mail: matthias.deeg (at) syss.de
Public Key: https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Materialien/PGPKeys/Matthias_Deeg.asc
Key fingerprint = D1F0 A035 F06C E675 CDB9 0514 D9A4 BF6A 34AD 4DAB

E-Mail: sven.freund (at) syss.de
Public Key: https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Materialien/PGPKeys/Sven_Freund.asc
Key fingerprint = DCDB 7627 C1E3 9CE8 62DF 2666 8A5F A853 415D 46DC

Disclaimer:

The information provided in this security advisory is provided "as is"
and without warranty of any kind. Details of this security advisory may
be updated in order to provide as accurate information as possible. The
latest version of this security advisory is available on the SySS Web
site.

Copyright:

Creative Commons - Attribution (by) - Version 3.0
URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

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